MISTRA’s edited research-based volume, The Evolving structure of South Africa’s Economy: Faultlines and Futures, examines the extent to which the South African economy is contributing towards the achievement of the country’s developmental goals. The publication draws attention to how historical, global, and domestic economic dynamics have affected the country’s structural transformation. It deals with policies that have shaped the evolution of the structure of the economy from a classic Minerals Energy Complex (MEC) to a Minerals Energy Finance Complex (MEFC). The book posits that structural transformation towards a developmental, resilient, and inclusive economy requires a review of macroeconomic and micro-economic policy and calls for re-industrialisation processes that reduce human vulnerability and ecological degradation.